Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a table in First Normal Form (1NF)?
Each column contains atomic values
The table contains a foreign key referencing another table
A primary key uniquely identifies each row
There are no repeating groups of columns
Which SQL statement is used to create a new table in a database?
MAKE TABLE
INSERT TABLE
CREATE TABLE
NEW TABLE
Which of the following relationships is typically NOT implemented directly in a database but is often represented using an intermediary table?
One-to-One
One-to-Many
Many-to-Many
All of the above
Referential integrity ensures that...
data is backed up regularly.
relationships between tables remain consistent.
all columns in a table have unique values.
queries are optimized for performance.
What is the PRIMARY purpose of using indexes in a database?
To enforce data integrity constraints
To speed up data retrieval operations
To reduce disk space consumption
To improve data security
Why is data redundancy undesirable in a database?
It can lead to data inconsistencies and anomalies
It increases storage space requirements
It complicates data retrieval and manipulation
In a database table, what does a 'row' represent?
A specific attribute or characteristic of an entity.
A column header describing the data type.
A unique record or instance within the table.
A relationship between two different tables.
When designing a schema for a library, what is the most appropriate primary key for the 'Books' table?
Author Name
Publication Year
Book Title
ISBN
Which data validation technique prevents invalid data from being entered into the database by checking it against predefined rules?
Check Constraints
Data Transformation
Data Masking
Data Scrubbing
Which of the following is NOT a valid SQL data type for storing numerical values?
VARCHAR
INTEGER
FLOAT
DECIMAL