What form of fragmentation occurs when free memory is divided into small blocks and cannot satisfy memory requests?
Internal fragmentation
Segment fragmentation
External fragmentation
Paging fragmentation
Which of the following is a drawback of deadlock detection methods?
Enforcement of user-defined priority levels
High overhead in checking for deadlocks
Total resource allocation must be defined ahead of time
Requirement of higher number of processors
In CPU scheduling, what does the term 'throughput' refer to?
The time taken by the operating system to switch between processes.
The average time a process spends in the ready queue.
The number of processes that complete execution in a given time period.
The total time taken from process creation to completion.
Which type of hypervisor is embedded in the host operating system?
Type 2 Hypervisor
Managed Hypervisor
Type 1 Hypervisor
Bare-metal Hypervisor
Which of the following correctly defines a user-level thread?
A thread created by the user application and managed in user space.
A thread managed by the operating system kernel.
A thread that is invisible to the user application.
A thread that can only run on a single processor.
What advantage does preemptive scheduling provide over non-preemptive scheduling?
It requires less CPU overhead.
It allows processes to run until completion without interruption.
It guarantees process completion.
It improves responsiveness in a multitasking environment.
What is a major advantage of using the Banker's Algorithm?
It guarantees safe resource allocation if possible.
It simplifies resource allocation logic.
It increases resource utilization.
It prevents starvation.
Which scheduling algorithm allows processes to share CPU time fairly?
Round Robin
Shortest Job First
Priority Scheduling
First-Come, First-Served
Which I/O scheduling algorithm favors requests that are closer to the current position of the disk arm and can lower the average wait time?
FCFS
LOOK
SCAT
SSTF
What is a primary disadvantage of contiguous allocation?
Increased fragmentation
Difficulty in resizing files
High overhead for small files
Complex access methods